photo credit: Kaboompics
Back in the Dark Ages, when I was in high school, I always felt like I had a good dosage of American History. I could quote the Preamble to the Constitution, knew about the events leading up to 1776, and possibly memorized parts of the Gettysburg Address. (I can't remember for sure.) But, I came across a story, that I never heard before about the raising of the U.S. flag in Iwo Jima atop Mt. Suribachi on February 23, 1945. I'm not so sure many people have ever heard this. The story has been around for a while. It was written in October of 2000 by Michael T. Powers. I'm not sure why it took me so long to discover it. But, I truly believe it's an important read. The rest of this blog, until you get to the very end, is not my writing, but I hope you take the time for a very memorable read.
Six Boys and 13 Hands
A Videographer’s Account, by Michael T. Powers
A Videographer’s Account, by Michael T. Powers
Each year I am hired to go to Washington, DC, with the eighth grade class from Clinton, Wisconsin, where I grew up, to videotape their trip. I greatly enjoy visiting our nation’s capital, and each year I take some special memories back with me. This fall's trip was especially memorable.
On the last night of our trip, we stopped at the Iwo Jima Memorial. This memorial is the largest bronze statue in the world and depicts one of the most famous photographs in history -- that of the six brave soldiers raising the American Flag at the top of a rocky hill on the island of Iwo Jima, Japan, during WW II.
Over one hundred students and chaperones piled off the buses and headed towards the memorial. I noticed a solitary figure at the base of the statue, and as I got closer, he asked, "Where are you guys from?" I told him that we were from Wisconsin. "Hey, I'm a Cheesehead, too! Come gather around, Cheeseheads, and I will tell you a story."
It was James Bradley who just happened to be in Washington, DC, to speak at the memorial the following day. He was there that night to say good night to his dad, who had passed away. He was just about to leave when he saw the buses pull up. I videotaped him as he spoke to us, and received his permission to share what he said from my videotape.
It is one thing to tour the incredible monuments filled with history in Washington, D.C., but it is quite another to get the kind of insight we received that night.) When all had gathered around, he reverently began to speak. (Here are his words in italics that night.) My name is James Bradley and I'm from Antigo, Wisconsin. My dad is on that statue, and I wrote a book called Flags of Our Fathers. It is the story of the six boys you see behind me.
Six boys raised the flag. The first guy putting the pole in the ground is Harlon Block. Harlon was an all-state football player. He enlisted in the Marine Corps with all the senior members of his football team. They were off to play another type of game. A game called 'War.' But, it didn't turn out to be a game. Harlon, at the age of 21, died with his intestines in his hands.
I don't say that to gross you out, I say that because there are people who stand in front of this statue and talk about the glory of war. You guys need to know that most of the boys in Iwo Jima were 17, 18, and 19 years old -- and it was so hard that the ones who did make it home never even would talk to their families about it.
(He pointed to the statue.) You see this next guy? That's Rene Gagnon from New Hampshire. If you took Rene's helmet off at the moment this photo was taken and looked in the webbing of that helmet, you would find a photograph ... a photograph of his girlfriend. Rene put that in there for protection because he was scared. He was 18 years old. It was just boys who won the battle of Iwo Jima. Boys. Not old men.
The next guy here, the third guy in this tableau, was Sergeant Mike Strank. Mike is my hero. He was the hero of all these guys. They called him the 'old man' because he was so old. He was already 24. When Mike would motivate his boys in training camp, he didn't say, 'Let's go kill some Japanese' or 'Let's die for our country.' He knew he was talking to little boys. Instead, he would say, 'You do what I say, and I'll get you home to your mothers.'
The last guy on this side of the statue is Ira Hayes, a Pima Indian from Arizona. Ira Hayes was one of them who lived to walk off Iwo Jima. He went into the White House with my dad. President Truman told him, 'You're a hero.' He told reporters, 'How can I feel like a hero when 250 of my buddies hit the island with me and only 27 of us walked off alive?' So you take your class at school, 250 of you spending a year together having fun, doing everything together. Then all 250 of you hit the beach, but only 27 of your classmates walk off alive. That was Ira Hayes. He had images of horror in his mind. Ira Hayes carried the pain home with him and eventually died dead drunk, face down, drowned in a very shallow puddle, at the age of 32 (ten years after this picture was taken).
The next guy, going around the statue, is Franklin Sousley from Hilltop, Kentucky. A fun-lovin' hillbilly boy. His best friend, who is now 70, told me, 'Yeah, you know, we took two cows up on the porch of the Hilltop General Store. Then we strung wire across the stairs so the cows couldn't get down. Then we fed them Epsom salts. Those cows crapped all night. 'Yes, he was a fun-lovin' hillbilly boy.' Franklin died on Iwo Jima at the age of 19. When the telegram came to tell his mother that he was dead, it went to the Hilltop General Store. A barefoot boy ran that telegram up to his mother's farm. The neighbors could hear her scream all night and into the morning. Those neighbors lived a quarter of a mile away.
The next guy, as we continue to go around the statue, is my dad, John Bradley, from Antigo, Wisconsin, where I was raised. My dad lived until 1994, but he would never give interviews. When Walter Cronkite's producers or the New York Times would call, we were trained as little kids to say, 'No, I'm sorry, sir, my dad's not here. He is in Canada fishing. No, there is no phone there, sir. No, we don't know when he is coming back.' My dad never fished or even went to Canada. Usually, he was sitting there right at the table eating his Campbell's soup. But, we had to tell the press that he was out fishing. He didn't want to talk to the press.
You see, like Ira Hayes, my dad didn't see himself as a hero. Everyone thinks these guys are heroes, 'cause they are in a photo and on a monument. My dad knew better. He was a medic. John Bradley from Wisconsin was a combat caregiver. On Iwo Jima, he probably held over 200 boys as they died. And boys died on Iwo Jima; they writhed and screamed, without any medication or help with the pain.
When I was a little boy, my third grade teacher told me that my dad was a hero. When I went home and told my dad that, he looked at me and said, 'I want you always to remember that the heroes of Iwo Jima are the guys who did not come back. Did NOT come back.'
So that's the story about six nice young boys. Three died on Iwo Jima, and three came back as national heroes. Overall, 7,000 boys died on Iwo Jima in the worst battle in the history of the Marine Corps. My voice is giving out, so I will end here. Thank you for your time.
Suddenly, the monument wasn't just a big old piece of metal with a flag sticking out of the top. It came to life before our eyes with the heartfelt words of a son who did indeed have a father who was a hero. Maybe not a hero for the reasons most people would believe, but a hero nonetheless.
One thing I learned while on tour with my 8th grade students in DC that is not mentioned here is that if you look at the statue very closely and count the number of hands raising the flag, there are 13. When the man who made the statue was asked why there were 13, he simply said, "The 13th hand was the hand of God."
---
Alas! If you do a little research, there is always more information. That's how I discovered the videographer's name, Michael T. Powers. The original combat photographer of the image, Raising the Flag over Iwo Jima, that inspired the U.S. Marine Corps War Memorial in Arlington, Virginia, was Joe Rosenthal of the Associated Press.
The image of the flag-raising that everyone can readily picture in their minds was actually the second flag-raising that day. The first flag-raising happened two hours earlier. But, it was decided that a second flag, a larger one, should be raised so the fighting Marines on the other side of the mountain could see it. Six men are photographed raising the flag, but a 40-man patrol ascended Mt. Suribachi that day to make it possible. Rene Gagnon, a runner in the fifth Marine Division, carried the larger flag up the mountain for the second flag-raising and helped to lower the original flag.
After an official investigation by the Marine Corps, it was announced on June 23, 2016, that John Bradley was not accurately identified in the photograph. It was actually, Corporal Harold Schultz from Detroit, Michigan. Schultz survived the battle of Iwo Jima and lived to a ripe old 70 years of age. But, Bradley was very much involved at Iwo Jima. He received a Navy Cross for his efforts to rescue wounded Marines still in the line of fire. He was part of the patrol that captured the mountaintop and he helped to secure the first flag that was raised. Bradley wrote to his parents three days after the flag-raising. He said he had a little to do with it and it was the happiest day of his life.
Further investigation show that Rene Gagnon was not correctly identified as well. The good news for Rene is that he survived the war. The bad news is that the image in the photograph has been identified as Corporal Harold Keller of Brooklyn, Iowa. Keller, a survivor of both Guadalcanal and Iwo Jima, was part of the patrol that captured the top of Mt. Suribachi. He helped to raise the first flag on the mountain top and was photographed while raising the second.
The artist who created the 100-ton bronze statue was Felix de Weldon, an American sculptor, originally from Vienna, Austria. And, the artist had a thing or two to say about the thirteenth hand. "Thirteen hands. Who needed thirteen hands? Twelve were enough."
I personally have never seen the statue or walked around it counting hands. But, according to research, the story of the thirteenth hand is a persistent myth -- and a really good one -- but it just isn't true. If you stroll around the statue, you will be truly inspired, but you'll only count to twelve. Unless, of course, you count the invisible hand of God.
On the last night of our trip, we stopped at the Iwo Jima Memorial. This memorial is the largest bronze statue in the world and depicts one of the most famous photographs in history -- that of the six brave soldiers raising the American Flag at the top of a rocky hill on the island of Iwo Jima, Japan, during WW II.
Over one hundred students and chaperones piled off the buses and headed towards the memorial. I noticed a solitary figure at the base of the statue, and as I got closer, he asked, "Where are you guys from?" I told him that we were from Wisconsin. "Hey, I'm a Cheesehead, too! Come gather around, Cheeseheads, and I will tell you a story."
It was James Bradley who just happened to be in Washington, DC, to speak at the memorial the following day. He was there that night to say good night to his dad, who had passed away. He was just about to leave when he saw the buses pull up. I videotaped him as he spoke to us, and received his permission to share what he said from my videotape.
It is one thing to tour the incredible monuments filled with history in Washington, D.C., but it is quite another to get the kind of insight we received that night.) When all had gathered around, he reverently began to speak. (Here are his words in italics that night.) My name is James Bradley and I'm from Antigo, Wisconsin. My dad is on that statue, and I wrote a book called Flags of Our Fathers. It is the story of the six boys you see behind me.
Six boys raised the flag. The first guy putting the pole in the ground is Harlon Block. Harlon was an all-state football player. He enlisted in the Marine Corps with all the senior members of his football team. They were off to play another type of game. A game called 'War.' But, it didn't turn out to be a game. Harlon, at the age of 21, died with his intestines in his hands.
I don't say that to gross you out, I say that because there are people who stand in front of this statue and talk about the glory of war. You guys need to know that most of the boys in Iwo Jima were 17, 18, and 19 years old -- and it was so hard that the ones who did make it home never even would talk to their families about it.
(He pointed to the statue.) You see this next guy? That's Rene Gagnon from New Hampshire. If you took Rene's helmet off at the moment this photo was taken and looked in the webbing of that helmet, you would find a photograph ... a photograph of his girlfriend. Rene put that in there for protection because he was scared. He was 18 years old. It was just boys who won the battle of Iwo Jima. Boys. Not old men.
The next guy here, the third guy in this tableau, was Sergeant Mike Strank. Mike is my hero. He was the hero of all these guys. They called him the 'old man' because he was so old. He was already 24. When Mike would motivate his boys in training camp, he didn't say, 'Let's go kill some Japanese' or 'Let's die for our country.' He knew he was talking to little boys. Instead, he would say, 'You do what I say, and I'll get you home to your mothers.'
The last guy on this side of the statue is Ira Hayes, a Pima Indian from Arizona. Ira Hayes was one of them who lived to walk off Iwo Jima. He went into the White House with my dad. President Truman told him, 'You're a hero.' He told reporters, 'How can I feel like a hero when 250 of my buddies hit the island with me and only 27 of us walked off alive?' So you take your class at school, 250 of you spending a year together having fun, doing everything together. Then all 250 of you hit the beach, but only 27 of your classmates walk off alive. That was Ira Hayes. He had images of horror in his mind. Ira Hayes carried the pain home with him and eventually died dead drunk, face down, drowned in a very shallow puddle, at the age of 32 (ten years after this picture was taken).
The next guy, going around the statue, is Franklin Sousley from Hilltop, Kentucky. A fun-lovin' hillbilly boy. His best friend, who is now 70, told me, 'Yeah, you know, we took two cows up on the porch of the Hilltop General Store. Then we strung wire across the stairs so the cows couldn't get down. Then we fed them Epsom salts. Those cows crapped all night. 'Yes, he was a fun-lovin' hillbilly boy.' Franklin died on Iwo Jima at the age of 19. When the telegram came to tell his mother that he was dead, it went to the Hilltop General Store. A barefoot boy ran that telegram up to his mother's farm. The neighbors could hear her scream all night and into the morning. Those neighbors lived a quarter of a mile away.
The next guy, as we continue to go around the statue, is my dad, John Bradley, from Antigo, Wisconsin, where I was raised. My dad lived until 1994, but he would never give interviews. When Walter Cronkite's producers or the New York Times would call, we were trained as little kids to say, 'No, I'm sorry, sir, my dad's not here. He is in Canada fishing. No, there is no phone there, sir. No, we don't know when he is coming back.' My dad never fished or even went to Canada. Usually, he was sitting there right at the table eating his Campbell's soup. But, we had to tell the press that he was out fishing. He didn't want to talk to the press.
You see, like Ira Hayes, my dad didn't see himself as a hero. Everyone thinks these guys are heroes, 'cause they are in a photo and on a monument. My dad knew better. He was a medic. John Bradley from Wisconsin was a combat caregiver. On Iwo Jima, he probably held over 200 boys as they died. And boys died on Iwo Jima; they writhed and screamed, without any medication or help with the pain.
When I was a little boy, my third grade teacher told me that my dad was a hero. When I went home and told my dad that, he looked at me and said, 'I want you always to remember that the heroes of Iwo Jima are the guys who did not come back. Did NOT come back.'
So that's the story about six nice young boys. Three died on Iwo Jima, and three came back as national heroes. Overall, 7,000 boys died on Iwo Jima in the worst battle in the history of the Marine Corps. My voice is giving out, so I will end here. Thank you for your time.
Suddenly, the monument wasn't just a big old piece of metal with a flag sticking out of the top. It came to life before our eyes with the heartfelt words of a son who did indeed have a father who was a hero. Maybe not a hero for the reasons most people would believe, but a hero nonetheless.
One thing I learned while on tour with my 8th grade students in DC that is not mentioned here is that if you look at the statue very closely and count the number of hands raising the flag, there are 13. When the man who made the statue was asked why there were 13, he simply said, "The 13th hand was the hand of God."
---
Alas! If you do a little research, there is always more information. That's how I discovered the videographer's name, Michael T. Powers. The original combat photographer of the image, Raising the Flag over Iwo Jima, that inspired the U.S. Marine Corps War Memorial in Arlington, Virginia, was Joe Rosenthal of the Associated Press.
The image of the flag-raising that everyone can readily picture in their minds was actually the second flag-raising that day. The first flag-raising happened two hours earlier. But, it was decided that a second flag, a larger one, should be raised so the fighting Marines on the other side of the mountain could see it. Six men are photographed raising the flag, but a 40-man patrol ascended Mt. Suribachi that day to make it possible. Rene Gagnon, a runner in the fifth Marine Division, carried the larger flag up the mountain for the second flag-raising and helped to lower the original flag.
After an official investigation by the Marine Corps, it was announced on June 23, 2016, that John Bradley was not accurately identified in the photograph. It was actually, Corporal Harold Schultz from Detroit, Michigan. Schultz survived the battle of Iwo Jima and lived to a ripe old 70 years of age. But, Bradley was very much involved at Iwo Jima. He received a Navy Cross for his efforts to rescue wounded Marines still in the line of fire. He was part of the patrol that captured the mountaintop and he helped to secure the first flag that was raised. Bradley wrote to his parents three days after the flag-raising. He said he had a little to do with it and it was the happiest day of his life.
Further investigation show that Rene Gagnon was not correctly identified as well. The good news for Rene is that he survived the war. The bad news is that the image in the photograph has been identified as Corporal Harold Keller of Brooklyn, Iowa. Keller, a survivor of both Guadalcanal and Iwo Jima, was part of the patrol that captured the top of Mt. Suribachi. He helped to raise the first flag on the mountain top and was photographed while raising the second.
The artist who created the 100-ton bronze statue was Felix de Weldon, an American sculptor, originally from Vienna, Austria. And, the artist had a thing or two to say about the thirteenth hand. "Thirteen hands. Who needed thirteen hands? Twelve were enough."
I personally have never seen the statue or walked around it counting hands. But, according to research, the story of the thirteenth hand is a persistent myth -- and a really good one -- but it just isn't true. If you stroll around the statue, you will be truly inspired, but you'll only count to twelve. Unless, of course, you count the invisible hand of God.
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